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Causal factors

These are the Structures, Systems, Technologies and Skills/Qualities operating throughout the organisation.

These are the antecedents of culture. They are what members look to in order to determine the unwritten rules.

These are measured using the Organisational Effectiveness Inventory (OEI).

They are:

• Mission and Philosophy
  The extent to which the organisation has successfully defined its identity and values to its members. This includes factors such as articulation of mission and customer service focus.
• Structures
  The ways in which people, roles and activities are ordered and coupled to create organisation. These include factors such as level and distribution of influence, empowerment and employee involvement.
• Systems
  The inter-related sets of procedures that an organisation uses to support its core activities and to solve problems. These include factors such as selection and placement, training and development, respect, appraisal and reinforcement and goal setting.
• Technology
  The methods used by the organisation to transform inputs into outputs. This includes factors such as job design (autonomy, skill variety, feedback, task identity and significance) and interdependence.
• Skills/Qualities
  The skills and qualities exhibited by organisational members - particularly those in leadership positions. These include factors such as communication (upwards and downwards), leadership and sources of power.